Problem tree analysis template

Use this template to map causes and effects of a central issue in order to better understand the chain of connected circumstances that led to the current situation. The problem tree analysis provides a structured way for a team to reveal concerns, discern causes from symptoms, and potentially frame problem statements in a new, better way.

A problem tree analysis — also called a situational analysis — provides a structured way for a team to reveal concerns, discern causes from symptoms, and potentially frame problem statements in a new, better way. Commonly used for understanding the problem in design thinking, problem trees are used for finding solutions by outlining the root causes and effects of a problem.

The problem tree analysis template helps with:

• Understanding complex problems
• Identifying cause and effect relationships
• Aligning with other stakeholders
• Providing a direction for problem solving and decision-making

How to use the problem tree analysis template

Identify a problem statement

Start off this exercise by brainstorming over what the overarching problem the team is facing.

Assemble your stakeholders

Depending on the problem statement, your stakeholders might be your immediate team, end users of a service or product, customers with buying power, or somebody else entirely.

Document the causes of the problem

What are the root causes of the problem? Start by discussing each cause, one-by-one, adding them below the line in the roots section as you go.

Cluster the outputs together 

When similar causes are mentioned, cluster them together and label the clusters with a theme. Altogether, documenting and clustering the causes should take about 20 minutes.

Repeat the process for branching effects

Repeat the process you just completed with the causes, just with effects. What are the effects and consequences of the problem? Document the effects, cluster them together, and label them with a theme.

Prioritize and establish next steps

Discuss and prioritize which causes and effects to focus on, then create a plan of action to address the root cause.

Tips for running a problem tree analysis exercise:

• While the problem tree method mostly focuses on direct causes and effects, what are some indirect causes the team can come up with?
• Some effects the team ideates will be routine, and some may be rare. Try adding tags to the sticky notes to indicate what type they are.
• Try holding a vote to help decide which root causes get prioritized.